Skip to main content
  1. Home
  2. Food & Drink
  3. Features

West Coast IPAs explained: The bold, bitter style that defined American craft beer

Everything you've ever wanted to know about the West Coast IPA

Beer
engin akyurt / Unsplash

When it comes to the American beer world, there’s no style more beloved by craft beer fans than the iconic West Coast IPA. While not the first (and certainly not the last) IPA style, there is no dispute that the West Coast IPA is arguably the most popular.

In my years of writing about alcohol, I’ve imbibed more West Coast IPAs than most beer drinkers. I understand that the style may not be for everyone. There might not be a more divisive beer style. Drinkers either love it for its mix of malts, fruit flavors, and bitter pine, or they hate it.

Recommended Videos

What is a West Coast IPA?

Headlands Alcatraz IPA.
Headlands Brewing

At its essence, the West Coast IPA is crisp, refreshing, and loaded with flavors like caramel malts, citrus, tropical fruits, herbal, earthy, dank, and pine needles. It’s well-known for its bitter (sometimes aggressively so), dry finish, which is an acquired taste for some drinkers.

This hop-forward beer is best when it has a malt backbone to balance out some of the resinous hop bitterness. West Coast IPAs often gain extra hop aroma, flavor, and bitterness from the liberal use of dry hopping. They’re typically in the 6-8% ABV range, making them slightly more potent and boozy than a lager or pilsner.

The history of the West Coast IPA

Ramiro Silva / Flickr

Before we dive right into the West Coast IPA, it’s essential to learn a little about the history of the IPA itself. The beer style was first invented in the 1700s. It’s called the India Pale Ale because it was first brewed in England and exported to India. Brewers upped the alcohol content and added extra hops to preserve the beer during the long, arduous journey to the British colonies in India.

Fast forward to the 1970s in California. This is right when craft beer was in its infancy. While there is no official “first” West Coast IPA, many believe that the unofficial beginning of what we now know as the West Coast IPA was created by San Francisco’s Anchor Brewing’s Fritz Maytag in 1975 with the release of the now iconic Liberty Ale.

Released to pay tribute to the 200th anniversary of Paul Revere’s ride, it was brewed with pale malt, specialty yeast, and Cascade hops. Sierra Nevada Celebration quickly followed it in the early 1980s.

In the years and decades since, countless other West Coast IPAs have sprung up from Stone IPA, Lagunitas IPA, Ballast Point IPA, and well beyond the confines of California and the West Coast itself. It’s become so well-known that it’s what most people imagine when they think of an IPA.

Hops used in West Coast IPAs

Two glasses of beer
Timothy Dykes / Unsplash

West Coast IPAs stand out above the rest of the beer world due to their overwhelming hop aroma and flavor. While a well-made West Coast IPA should have a good malt presence and some tropical fruit and citrus flavors, the hops are the star of the beer-soaked show. Many West Coast IPAs lean so heavily into hops that they finish with over-the-top, dry, aggressively bitter, piney, resinous notes. West Coast IPA fans can’t get enough of it.

There are a variety of “usual suspects” in terms of hops that brewers use when crafting West Coast IPAs. These include:

  • Cascade: known for its light bitterness and aromas and flavors of grapefruit and spice
  • Centennial: known for its citrus flavor featuring lemon and grapefruit flavors
  • Chinook: known for grapefruit and dank pine flavors
  • Citra: known for its mix of tropical fruits and citrus
  • Simcoe: known for earthy, floral, pine, and resinous pine flavors
  • Mosaic: known for fruity, resinous, and dank pine flavors
  • Strata: known for strawberry, melon, citrus, and cannabis-like flavors

What is dry-hopping?

Hops
LlCreate / Getty Images

You’ve probably seen the term “dry-hopped” or “DDH” (double dry-hopped) written on the side of the can (or on the beer’s description on the brewery’s website). It’s okay if you don’t know what it means. This is a widely used technique in West Coast IPA brewing.

Dry-hopping is the process of adding hops at a later stage in the brewing process. Bittering hops are often added at the beginning of the boil, while flavoring hops are added at the end. Dry-hopping occurs in the fermentation tanks or after fermentation to add more aromas and flavors without increasing the overall bitterness. Either whole cone hops or pellets are added. It occurs on the “cold side” of the brewing process after the wort has cooled.

Give West Coast IPAs a try

Close-up of beer in a glass
YesMore Content / Unsplash

While I mentioned that there are some West Coast IPAs that end with aggressive hop bitterness, not all of them do. There are countless well-balanced, flavorful West Coast IPAs just waiting to be discovered. Some of the best available are Societe The Pupil, Sierra Nevada Torpedo, Russian River Blind Pig, and Firestone Walker Union Jack.

Christopher Osburn is a food and drinks writer located in the Finger Lakes Region of New York. He’s been writing professional Read Full Bio
Who needs decanters? The future is wine from a pump box
Alcohol, Beverage, Bottle

Mark West, the official wine sponsor of Major League Baseball, is putting a working wine dispenser disguised as a ketchup pump into a cornfield in Iowa, and honestly, I respect the commitment to the bit.

The “Top Up Dispenser,” as they’re calling it, will show up outside the diamond at next week’s MLB at Field of Dreams game in Dyersville, Iowa — the annual matchup played next to the actual field from the 1989 movie.

Read more
The Macallan is launching two new single malt whiskies inspired for the flavor of coconuts
The Macallan

If you enjoy both the flavor of a well-made single malt Scotch whisky and the taste of tropical fruit, you’re going to love the newest release from The Macallan. The sixth and final release from The Harmony Collection is made up of two single malt whiskies. The first is called Inspired by Fresh Coconut and the second is called Inspired by Toasted Coconut.

The two new tropical-inspired single malt whiskies

Read more
Jack Daniel’s is launching new, experimental High Angel’s Share Straight Tennessee Whiskey
Jack Daniel’s

When it comes to American whiskey, there’s no name bigger than Jack Daniel’s. If you think globally, the Lynchburg, Tennessee-based brand is still the most famous. As you likely already know, the iconic brand is well-known for its wildly popular Old No. 7 Tennessee whiskey as well as countless award-winning expressions. Recently, Jack Daniel’s announced the release of a new addition to its epic portfolio: High Angel’s Share Tennessee Whiskey.

Jack Daniel’s High Angel’s Share Tennessee Whiskey

Read more